Summary of History Practical Issues and State of the Art Up Until March 1996
Issue No. 123, May 1996
Open Forum:
In an endeavour to promote complimentary and open give-and-take of issues, The Agrichemical and Environmental News encourages letters and articles with differing views. To include an commodity, contact: Catherine Daniels, Food and Environmental Quality Laboratory, Washington State University, Tri-Cities campus, 2710 University Bulldoze, Richland, WA 99352-1671. Phone: 509-372-7495. Fax: 509-372-7491. E-mail: cdaniels@tricity.wsu.edu
In This Upshot
| News and Notes | History of Section 18s in Washington State |
| Bachelor Reports | The Relative Adventure of Pesticides |
| A Glimpse Into Ag'southward Future | EPA Cuts Support for Pesticide Training |
| USDA NASS Ag Chemic Use | Soft White Wheat |
| Plastic Pesticide Container Dates, Requirements | Officially Unofficial |
| Federal Issues | State Problems |
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News and Notes
Note: The AENews is now accessible from the World Wide Web via the Washington State Pesticide Page. The address for the page is: http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~ramsay
Enter this accost advisedly, paying close attending to punctuation and spacing (no spaces betwixt parts of the accost). Some readers may experience difficulties accessing the site. These are believed to be related to the Cyberspace and to on-line services, not the web site. If you are having a problem accessing the web folio, please inform Catherine Daniels, Food and Environmental Quality Laboratory, Washington Land University, Tri-Cities campus, 2710 University Drive, Richland, WA 99352-1671. Phone: 509-372-7495. Fax: 509-372-7491. E-mail: cdaniels@tricity.wsu.edu
EPA cuts pesticide safety training 88%
The Environmental Protection Agency terminal twelvemonth provided $2,080,000 to the U.S. Department of Agriculture for pesticide applicator training (PAT). USDA provides the funds to states and territories on a formula basis for PAT programs. Washington, for case, receives about $26,000 a yr in EPA pass-through funds for PAT.
Changes in agency priorities are causing reallocation of the types of funds EPA uses to support pesticide prophylactic training programs. EPA is placing a higher priority on funding registration and reregistration efforts and has reduced PAT funds to $250,000.
The affect on state PAT programs is unclear. Of the xvi states and territories in the western U.South., nevertheless, the EPA funds represent more fifty% of PAT support for 4 states and from 25% to 49% of support for programs in another 6.
PNW tree fruit production
The USDA Economical Enquiry Service estimated recently that the farmgate value of Pacific Northwest tree fruit is approximately $ane billion. The combined product of Idaho, Oregon and Washington apples, sweet cherries and pears is 56%, 59% and 66%, respectively, of U.S. production.
Triforine non be reregistered
American Cyanamid and Ciba recently decided not to back up triforine (Funginex) for reregistration. Funginex products will be available on an existing stocks basis only, unless some company or organization supports the chemical.
Oregon agriculture
The farmgate value of crops and livestock produced in Oregon hit a record $3.1 billion in 1995. The value of crops increased 10% from 1994, to $ii.1 billion.
The greatest increase was in the value of wheat produced ($305 one thousand thousand). Plant nursery and greenhouse crops, worth $400 million, were the most valuable crops. The value of potatoes, hops, mint and sugarbeets increased, while the value of berries and vegetables decreased by 15% and seven%, respectively.
Oregon has equally many as l,000 farm workers at tiptop harvest periods during mid-summertime. That number drops to almost 17,000 in January. The average hourly wage earned by Oregon farm workers is $vii.32.
Modified tomato canonical in U.Yard.
The Flavr Savr tomato recently became the first genetically modified food detail to be certified in Europe. The United Kingdom Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food certified the tomato as condom for consumption.
Pesticide report soon to exist mailed
The EPA Almanac Pesticide Product Report (Form 3540-xvi) for Pesticide Producing Establishments will exist mailed in May. The report volition be due 60 days from the bureau's date of mailing. The bodily date of mailing will exist announced in the Federal Register. Questions should be directed to Jon Heller at EPA, 206-553-1970.
EPA, Canada to attempt sharing registration
The Environmental Protection Bureau's Part of Pesticide Programs (OPP) and the Pest Management Regulatory Agency of Canada (PMRA) have agreed to a pilot joint registration of reduced risk pesticides with identical uses in the U.S. and Canada. The ii agencies announced the agreement at the recent inaugural meeting in Washington of The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Technical Working Group on Pesticides. The NAFTA subcommittee includes the U.S., Canada and United mexican states and replaces the Canada-Us Trade Agreement Technical Working Grouping on Pesticides.
OPP and PMRA plan to divide work on joint registrations, with each country relying on data reviews completed by the other. The two agencies earlier conducted parallel reviews of pesticide studies and are satisfied now that the procedures and quality of review are similar enough to let sharing and use of data reviews between the two countries. A report and executive summary of the results of the parallel pilot project will exist available in May.
The 2 agencies as well agreed to substitution reviews of studies supporting registration decisions, without showtime purging review documents of confidential business organization information. Nether a dissever agreement, the ii agencies established specific procedures for such exchanges of data reviews. The need to purge confidential business information had earlier impeded the substitution of reviews.
The subcommittee is scheduled to reconvene in Ottawa in November.
Wheat export sales outpace last year
Post-obit export sales of two.1 million metric tons to China in January, U.Due south. wheat export sales in the 1995/96 marketing twelvemonth, according to U.S. Wheat Associates (USW), are about 2 million metric tons (MMT) more than than those of last year. Total consign commitments are already at 92% of the USDA'southward export projections of 33.35 MMT for the year, with one third of the marketing year nevertheless remaining. A USDA forecast pegs 1995/96 U.Southward. financial yr wheat exports at $5 billion, up from $4.3 billion last yr. The increase is due to a combination of increased exports and the highest world wheat prices in 15 years.
Egypt, Asia, Latin America top buyers of U.S. wheat
The largest unmarried buyer of U.S. wheat this year is Egypt, according to U.S. Wheat Associates. Egypt, the only non-Asian country among the top seven buyers, has purchased more than iv.5 one thousand thousand tons in the year then far.
Sales of U.S. wheat to Latin America are nearly double those of concluding year, with Republic of colombia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Venezuela and Peru all actively participating in U.South. wheat purchases. Asia continues to be a strong heir-apparent, accounting for more than 45% of all U.S. wheat exports.
You might exist a farmer if...
- You lot have driven off the shoulder of the route while examining the neighbor's crops.
- Y'all have non had to buy a hat since leaving inferior high school.
- You tin place, blindfolded, by olfactory property, leaves from pigweed, kochia and bindweed.
- Your children automatically fall silent when the weather or market place reports come on the radio or Telly.
- You can accurately judge within 1% the moisture of grain by chewing it.
- You lot wave at every vehicle that passes your field, whether you know the driver or not.
- Yous can remember the marketplace prices for each ingather you lot grow plus the fertilizer and herbicide prices for the last ten years but tin't call up the birthdays of your spouse or children.
(From the Washington Women for Survival of Agriculture newsletter)
WA pesticide registrations
By the end of 1995, the Washington State Section of Agriculture had determined that there were 8,514 pesticides with Department iii (federal) registrations in Washington. During 1995, Washington awarded some 45 24c registrations, nearly 10% of all such registrations granted in the U.S.
As of February 1996, Washington had 334 Section 24c registrations. Total federal and land registered pesticides in Washington number approximately 8,848. The state of Nevada, with but a fraction of the agricultural and forestry industry and most one-third the population of Washington, has about 7,000 registrations. The reason for the like number of registrations is that for many, if non about Department 3 registrations, registrants pay to register their products in every bit many states as possible. This makes the number of products registered in a land disproportionate to the book of use.
Endocrine disruptors
Environmental contaminants, particularly those containing chlorine, that influence the endocrine systems of humans and wild fauna are speedily condign the hottest human health and environmental risk effect. The National University of Sciences, EPA and the Washington State Department of Health are grappling with how to appraise the adventure from the substances. In particular, EPA is gearing up for an assessment of the remaining organochlorine pesticides that remain on the U.S. market. These include primarily dicofol, methoxychlor, lindane, endosulfan and dienochlor.
Section 18s
Through May 8 of this year, EPA had received 327 requests for Department xviii emergency exemptions. Of these requests, 203 accept been completed. Approximately ninety% of the 203 requests have been granted. The average time from receipt to determination has been 59 days. When a few troublesome, fourth dimension-consuming exemption requests are non included, EPA is shut to its 50-mean solar day target for processing 18s.
Non-feed condition for vegetable seeds continues payoff
The payoff continues for the Washington small-seeded vegetable seed industry'southward non-food, non-feed status. The combined effort by the Columbia Basin Vegetable Seed Association, Puget Sound Seed Growers Association, Washington State University Extension Service and Washington State Department of Agronomics streamlined the registration efforts for selected seed crops. Recent registrations for seed crops include prometryn (Caparol) for carrot, parsley, parsnip and dill, fluazifop-butyl (Fusilade) for alfalfa and all of the selected vegetable seed crops, sodium hypochlorite (Purechlor Sanitizer) for carrot, coriander, beet, pepper and tomato, and chlorothalonil (Bravo 720) for spinach and Swiss chard.
California wells tested for pesticides
The California Department of Pesticide Regulation in 1995 tested 3,322 wells for pesticides in 47 of California's 58 counties. Xc percentage of wells were complimentary of detectable pesticide residues. Residues were found in 213 wells in 17 counties. 7 wells had one or more residues above health advisory levels. Compounds with verified detections in California well water in 1995 were atrazine (Trac), bromacil (Hyvar), diuron (Karmex), prometron (Pramitol) and simazine (Princep). Iii pesticide breakdown products, diethyl-atrazine, deisopropyl-atrazine and ii,iii,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalic acid, were as well detected. Overall in the terminal 10 years, DPR has tested 19,725 wells. Of these, 15,547 wells were found to have no detectable pesticides. 1 or more than residues were detected in 4,178 wells; however, simply 789 of these detections are verifiable. In order for a detection to be verified, the residue would have to verified by a second analytical method or another laboratory, or a second sample taken from the well inside 30 days would have to contain the remainder.
EPA's budget
Eight months into the financial yr, Congress has acted on EPA's budget for fiscal year 1996. Congress had originally proposed cut the bureau'south budget 25% to 30%. Instead, Congress gave EPA $6.5 billion, which is a $100 million subtract or about ane.5% less than the budget for terminal twelvemonth.
The proposed 1997 budget includes $82.one million for the Office of Pesticide Programs. This will back up the equivalent of 862 total-time staff positions. Approximately $37.4 million and 360 positions volition be for registration, reregistration and tolerance activities. Co-ordinate to Dan Barolo, OPP Office Managing director, "This is non an increase in level of effort from the previous year."
OPP's Registration Partition turned out a record number of registration decisions in 1995 and had 200 fewer registration decisions pending than at the terminate of 1994. Still, the division nevertheless has two,400 registration decisions pending.
Registration times
The average time between discovery of a pesticide and its initial registration is 14.8 years in the U.Southward., compared to nine.half dozen years elsewhere.
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The history of Section 18s in Washington land
Washington country has a long (25 yr) and colorful history of Department 18 requests. In one of the first requests in the U.S., the Washington State Section of Agronomics in 1972 requested the utilise of Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane for control of tussock moth in forests in 1973. The request formed the basis for 337 subsequent Section 18 applications past WSDA.
Of the 338 applications adult by WSDA, 17 failed to comply with state or federal request guidelines and were not forwarded to EPA. Co-ordinate to Ted Maxwell, Registration Manager for WSDA, untold numbers of other requests and inquiries for Section 18s have been turned downwards past WSDA.
Washington state submitted its second Department eighteen request in 1975 for use of TEPP (Kilmite 40) on hops for control of ii-spotted spider mite. Since 1977, the land has submitted between nine and 25 Section 18 requests annually to EPA. During the by eight years, Washington has averaged 21 requests annually.
The number of requests has remained relatively stable over time, with two full general fluctuations. During the mid-1980s, WSDA tightened restrictions on the Section eighteen process, resulting in the least number of requests submitted since 1975. Then, every bit the reregistration process began to upshot in the loss of pesticides toward the cease of the 1980s, the number of requests increased to their highest levels always.
A full of 82 active ingredients take been requested since 1972. Ten active ingredients represented 35.7% (121) of all requests. These included vinclozolin (Ronilan DF, 50W) (17), sethoxydim (Poast) (xv), chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 4E) (fourteen), abamectin (Agri-Mek) (14), clopyralid (Stinger) (14), bifenthrin (Brigade WSB/Capture 2EC) (thirteen), permethrin (Ambush/Pounce) (12), glyphosate (Roundup) (12), benomyl (Benlate 50W) (11) and metalaxyl (Ridomil 2E) (eleven). Twenty-five active ingredients were requested one time.
Department 18 requests for 46 crops or sites have been developed. Six crops represented near half of all requests (48.5% or 164 requests). These included hop (32), raspberry (32), wheat (29), pear (27), mint (24) and lentil (20). Crops that have been the subject of many requests over a long period of fourth dimension include hop, blueberry, wheat, lentil, pear, cranberry and mint. Crops that take been the subject of many requests only within the last ten years include potato, dry pea, strawberry and canola. According to Fine art Losey, retired Assistant Manager of Agriculture in charge of the WSDA Pesticide Management Division, the number of requests for a particular ingather is directly tied to two interrelated factors. First, growers who make the most requests are organized. These organizations have dedicated personnel available to pursue requests on behalf of the commodity, collect information and interact with regulatory and academy staff. Second, ofttimes requested crops have organizations that fund researchers at Washington State University. University research data are essential to the development of a Section eighteen request.
The longest running (or most repeated) Section xviii was for Ronilan 50W for command of grey mold and white mold on beans, primarily green beans. A Section 18 request was submitted 11 times during a ten-year period (In one yr, split requests were submitted for greenish beans and lima beans).
Approximately 67 pests or pest groups have required development of a Department 18 request. The exact number of pests involved is imprecise; several pests are described vaguely every bit weed, fungus, annual grass, perennial weed or root rot.
The most common pests or pest groups for which requests were submitted included mites (28), various aphids (28), root weevils (25), annual grasses (22), pear psylla (20) and various annual broadleaf weeds (twenty). The near ordinarily implicated pests were the 2-spotted spider mite and pear psylla. Root weevils as a circuitous are mutual on a diverseness of crops. Although aphids were mentioned usually in the requests, no particular aphid species was prominent. Rather, several aphid species on different crops have at various times been difficult to control.
| Year | # of requests | Twelvemonth | # of requests |
| 1972 | 1 | 1986 | 9 |
| 1975 | 1 | 1987 | 14 |
| 1977 | 10 | 1988 | 16 |
| 1978 | 20 | 1989 | 20 |
| 1979 | 16 | 1990 | 17 |
| 1980 | sixteen | 1991 | xx |
| 1981 | 10 | 1992 | 25 |
| 1982 | xix | 1993 | 21 |
| 1983 | 18 | 1994 | 23 |
| 1984 | 12 | 1995 | 20 |
| 1985 | 11 | 1996 | xix (to appointment) |
A brief case history - raspberry
| Year | Chemical | Pest |
| 1980 | fenamiphos (Nemacur 3EC) | root lesion nematode |
| 1982-84 | metalaxyl (Ridomil 2E) | root rot |
| 1982-86 | vinclozolin (Ronilan 50W) | Botrytis fruit rot |
| 1982-84 | methomyl (Lannate Fifty/90%) | oblique banded leafroller/spotted cutworm |
| 1983-84 | carbofuran (Furadan 4E) | root weevil |
| 1985 | fenvalerate (Pydrin) | oblique banded leafroller |
| 1987 | iprodione (Rovral 50W) | Botrytis fruit rot |
| 1987, 89, 91, 92 | permethrin (Pounce/Ambush) | root weevil |
| 1987-88 | dinitrophenol | cane burndown |
| 1991-95 | oxyfluorfen (Goal 1.6E) | cane burndown |
| 1993-96 | bifenthrin (Brigade WSB) | root weevil |
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Available Reports
- Influence of Droplet Size and Density on Phytotoxicity of Three Herbicides. Prasad, R. and Beresford, C. L. Weed Engineering science, 1992, Vol. 6:415-423.
- Changes to Child-Resistant Packaging (CRP) Testing Requirements. PR Notice 96-2. USEPA. February 1996.
- Federal Pesticide Laws & Regulations, Why Employ Pesticides?, A Proper Perspective on Pesticide Toxicity, The Delaney Clause, Pest Resistance to Pesticides, Pesticide Residues in Food: The Prophylactic Issue; Pesticide Usage in the U.s.: History, Benefits, Risks and Trends, Pesticides and the Endangered Species Protection Plan. SRPIAP Publication Series. Cooperative Extension Service, Clemson University, Clemson, SC. 1996.
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The relative risk of pesticides
Note: With the farthermost amount of scrutiny currently focused on the health furnishings of pesticides, I found it interesting to run into where pesticides fit into the post-obit data ... Alan Schreiber
The American Council on Science and Wellness is a national consumer education system concerned with issues related to food, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, lifestyle, the environment and human being health. Information technology has recently released information on the number and causes of preventable deaths in the United States. The accompanying tabular array is excerpted directly from the report, with editing only to allow reformatting.
In a related note*, an extension publication by J. Waldrum, P. Brady and J.P. Spadley from the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service stated that, "The current risk for an private living in the U.Southward. of developing cancer from any crusade is ane in 4. This means in that location is a 25% chance that each of united states could develop some type of cancer, fifty-fifty a minor blazon. Pesticide residues on raw bolt permitted by EPA'south current guidelines for allowing residues of a pesticide determined to cause cancer on test animals have been estimated to increase the potential chance of cancer by 0.0001%. According to toxicologists, this is less risk than eating one peanut butter sandwich, eating one raw mushroom or drinking i alcoholic beverage a 24-hour interval."
In a second related note, Ronald Estabrook (who served as chair of the National University of Sciences' National Research Council Commission that produced the February report, Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human Nutrition) recently stated that the connection betwixt consumption of backlog calories and cancer risk is a research area more worthy of exploration than studies to determine which of the hundreds of chemicals present in tiny amounts in the human being diet might accept carcinogenic furnishings.
*A copy of the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service publication from which this information was excerpted, Pesticide Residues in Food: The Prophylactic Issue, is available from Alan Schreiber.
Leading Preventable Causes of Premature Deaths
(U.s.a., 1995)
| Causes | Deaths |
| Abuse of addictive substances | 674,000 |
| 539,000 |
| 97,000 |
| 38,000 |
| Neglect of preventative care and inappropriate treatment | 255,000 |
| 115,000 |
| seventy,000 |
| seventy,000 |
| Hazardous lifestyle, other than drug abuse | 62,000 |
| 20,000 |
| 17,000 |
| 22,500 |
| ii,500 |
| Selected much-publicized hypothetical causes of death, 1995 | |
| unknown, but negligible |
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A glimpse into ag'south future
... Alan Schreiber
Much of the data for this article was adjusted from the April, 1996 issue of the Biotech Reporter, provided courtesy of Ron Crockett.
I believe biotechnology may accept a greater influence on the future of agriculture than whatsoever other social force in the next quarter century. While I lack a good grasp of the techniques and principles used in biotechnology laboratories, I am sufficiently enlightened of the investment companies have made in this area and the products soon to be appearing as a result of this investment. The global leader in agricultural biotechnology may exist Monsanto. Historically, Monsanto'due south agricultural company was a conventional chemic company specializing in herbicides. In the 1980s, however, information technology made a major commitment to evolution of biotechnology products for agriculture. A look at the bachelor products and those in the Monsanto developmental pipeline provides a glimpse into the time to come of agriculture.
When reviewing these products and their estimated time of arrival on the market, ane must remember that the further a production is from commercialization, the more development is required and the likelihood of arrival to the market on time, or arrival at all, is less certain.
Monsanto ag biotech products on the market
* Roundup Ready soybeans
* Bt insect-resistant potatoes
* Bt insect-resistant cotton fiber
* Roundup Ready canola - registration
Monsanto ag biotech products of the future
1997
* Roundup Ready cotton
* Yieldgard (Bt) corn - for control of European cornborer
* canola with improved oil for cleaning/ personal care products
* canola with improved oil for confectionery products
1998-1999
* Bt insect-and-virus-resistant potatoes
* Roundup Gear up corn
* bromoxynil-resistant cotton wool
* Bollgard (Bt insect-resistant cotton fiber)
* canola with improved oils for marga- rine and shortening
* virus-protected tomatoes
* insect-protected tomatoes
2000+
* Roundup Set up sugar beets
* Roundup Ready oilseed rape
* college solids potatoes
* plants producing biodegradable plastic polymers
* corn resistant to corn rootworms and other insects
* boll weevil-resistant cotton
* disease-resistant potatoes
* disease-resistant wheat
* soybeans with improved oils
* higher-yielding corn
* higher solids tomatoes
* higher saccharide strawberry
* disease-resistant strawberry
* canola with improved oils for lubri- cants and biofuels
* plants producing naturally colored cotton fibers
Estimated annual sales for Monsanto's ag biotech products for the years 2000 to 2005 have been projected (past Monsanto) at $ii.2 billion to $vi.8 billion. Sales for herbicide tolerant crops are estimated to reach $0.8 billion to $one.1 billion and for agronomic crops, $0.eight billion to $ii.1 billion annually. Sales of Monsanto ag biotech crops by the year 2005 are estimated to exist xxx% corn, 26% soybean, 18% potato, 12% canola, vii% tomato plant, 3% cotton, and 4% other crops.
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EPA cuts support for pesticide training
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced recently at a meeting in Reno its intention to reduce EPA support for country pesticide applicator training programs by 88% for fiscal year 1996.
This ways that EPA's support to Washington Country University (WSU) will drop from about $26,000 annually to about $3,000. The cuts are being attributed to a refocusing of EPA, non to federal budget cuts. The question is: how will these cuts affect the WSU Cooperative Extension pesticide training effort?
Groundwork on the effect is as follows. The Federal Insecticide Fungicide Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) requires those who use restricted utilise pesticides to be certified applicators. EPA, which administers FIFRA, approved a Washington state certification and training program in the mid 1970s to train and license certified applicators. The Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA) agreed to take the pb role in certification, while WSU Cooperative Extension undertook the pedagogy lead. EPA is mandated past FIFRA to fund up to 50% of the training program.
The pesticide grooming programs conducted during the past 15 years by WSU Cooperative Extension have been largely responsible for the fact that at that place are now approximately 25,000 licensed applicators, consultants and dealer managers in this country. Approximately 3,000 individuals each year take the state certification exams. To maintain a pesticide license, individuals must retest or obtain recertification training for their license category. Individual applicators demand twenty hours in 5 years; all other applicators, dealers and consultants need forty hours in five years.
To accommodate the pre-licensing training needs of Washington pesticide users, WSU Cooperative Extension each year conducts ten three-day applicator, consultant, dealer managing director training programs and many 1-day private applicator training programs.
WSU also conducts or participates in a large per centum of the state-approved pesticide recertification programs. These programs draw upon the expertise of WSU extension specialists, researchers, county agents, extension associate personnel, application industry personnel, and state regulatory agencies. These programs each year are attended by approximately 7,000 people.
When EPA initiated its support for pesticide preparation in the tardily 1970s, this support comprised upward to 45% of the full spent on preparation in Washington. Still, EPA's contributions over the past 10 years to the pesticide training effort have fabricated up less than 10% of the full spent on preparation by WSU Cooperative Extension in this land. For 1996, EPA's contribution is projected to decline to less than 0.5% of WSU's pesticide preparation try. This is because WSU's pesticide grooming programs are largely supported past funds generated by plan registration fees.
In conclusion, we are dismayed past EPA's nearly abandonment of Extension Pesticide Grooming Programs. Information technology would seem that EPA is no longer interested in promoting the rubber, legal and effective apply of pesticides. The good news is that EPA's actions will have trivial or no event upon WSU Cooperative Extension's pesticide training efforts.
Gary Thomasson,
Extension Pesticide Education Specialist
WSU-Puyallup
Carol Ramsay,
WSU Pesticide Pedagogy
364 FSHN, Pullman, WA 99164-6382
phone: 509-335-9222
fax: 509-335-1009
Washington Country University offers pesticide application training from November through March. Information may be obtained from 1 of the following:
- Your local canton extension office
- Conference Planning Service
(509-335-2830) - Email to edercj@wsu.edu or to ramsay@mail.wsu.edu
- Print them off the Globe Broad Spider web from:
http://world wide web.wsu.edu:8080/~ramsay
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USDA NASS Ag Chemical Use
| 1994 Restricted Utilise Pesticide Summary | |||
| Usually Used RUPs - National | |||
| Ingather | Ingredient | % area applied | millions lbs applied |
| potato (1.14 million acres, eleven states) | azinphos-methyl (Guthion) | 12 | 98 |
| carbofuran (Furadan) | twenty | 278 | |
| disulfoton (Di-Syston) | five | 154 | |
| esfenvalerate (Asana) | 15 | nine | |
| ethoprop (Mocap) | 8 | 393 | |
| fonofos (Dyfonate) | three | 79 | |
| methamidiphos (Monitor) | 26 | 429 | |
| oxamyl (Vydate) | 6 | 69 | |
| permethrin (Ambush/Pounce) | xiii | 31 | |
| phorate (Thimet) | 27 | 837 | |
| sulfuric acid | 8 | 23,345 | |
| triphenyltin | xi | 31 | |
| chloropicrin | 1 | 555 | |
| dichloropropene | 7 | 13,565 | |
| metam-sodium (Vapam) | 14 | 25,349 | |
| paraquat (Gramoxone) | 4 | 21 | |
| winter wheat (34.6 million acres, xiii states) | bromoxynil (Buctril) | three | 236 |
| diclofop-methyl (Hoelon) | 1 | 256 | |
| picloram (Tordon) | i | vii | |
| chlorpyrifos (Lorsban) | 3 | 523 | |
| ethyl parathion | 1 | 182 | |
| methyl parathion | ii | 355 | |
| 1,000 lbs | |||
| asparagus (fourscore,650 acres, five states) | paraquat (Gramoxone) | 17 | 7.0 |
| disulfoton (Di-Syston) | 42 | 43.5 | |
| permethrin (Ambush/Pounce) | 7 | 0.7 | |
| onions (127,800 acres, nine states) | bromoxynil (Buctril) | 36 | 11.8 |
| cypermethrin (Cymbush) | 38 | seven.5 | |
| diazinon | 10 | 18.3 | |
| methomyl (Lannate) | 17 | 31.four | |
| permethrin (Ambush/Pounce) | 22 | nineteen.3 | |
| oxamyl (Vydate) | 8 | 14.4 | |
| chloropicrin | 3 | 128.2 | |
| dichloropropene | 4 | 921.1 | |
| metam-sodium (Vapam) | 3 | 653.3 | |
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Soft white wheat
This information is from a Washington Wheat Commission funded study conducted by Oregon State University.
The April issue of Wheat Life, the monthly publication of the Washington Wheat Committee, independent an article on soft white wheat (SWW), an important but often nether recognized regional crop. Of the five classes of wheat, soft white wheat is the least used in the U.S.; only 20% of national SWW production is used domestically, primarily for desserts. The major not-dessert use is for pancakes. The three Pacific Northwest states account for 90% of U.S. SWW product. Michigan, with vii% of national product, is the only other state with appreciable SWW acreage. As much every bit 85% to 90% of PNW production is exported, mostly to Pacific Rim countries. Virtually all SWW grown in the PNW for domestic use is milled in the West. SWW production increased by 34% in 1996.
| 1995 milled SWW flour uses (percentage of total uses) | |||||
| Pastry | 21.7 | Cookie | 12.4 | Cracker | 6.iv |
| Pancake | xviii.6 | Muffin | 9.1 | All purpose | v.0 |
| Cake | 18.ane | Cake/pastry | half dozen.7 | Concoction | ane.v |
| Other | 0.5 | ||||
Symposium on 2,4-D scheduled for July
The Northwest Food and Forest Education Foundation, Inc. plans a symposium on July 31, 1996 at the Janzen Beach Red Lion in Portland for the purpose of presenting the facts on two,iv-D. Speakers at the day-long forum, titled 2,four-D: A Symposium Presenting the Facts - Public Health, Environmental Fate, Toxicology and Epidemiology, are to present data from more than 270 studies of 2,iv-D completed since 1988.
Agenda items include studies from 1988 to the present, reregistration requirements and the Task Force testing plan, an overview of toxicology, environmental fate and residuum studies, current testing status, dietary exposure to 2,iv-D, epidemiological studies, The National Cancer Institute's new initiative, methodologic problems in studying farmer exposure to pesticides, public perception, and an update on the USDA/NAPIAP 2,four-D benefits assessments.
Speakers include Terry Witt of the Northwest Nutrient and Forests Education Foundation, Inc; Donald L. Page, Executive Director of the 2,iv-D Chore Forcefulness; William Malburg, Chairman of the Toxicology Subcommittee; Karen S. Sherer, Chairman of the Dietary Risk Subcommittee; James A. Armbruster, Chairman of the Ecology Fate Subcommittee; Rebecca Johnson of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health; and Carol J. Burns, The Dow Chemical Co.
Registration is $20 to cover the cost of lunch. Those planning on attending should send their name, company name, address and the number of people attending forth with a $20 bank check per person to the Northwest Food and Wood Education Foundation, Inc., 3415 Commercial Street SE, Suite B, Salem, OR 97302, phone: 503-370-8092, fax: 503-370-8565.
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Plastic pesticide container
collection dates, requirements
Container requirements
1. Must exist multiple rinsed, so that no residues remain.
2. Must be clean and dry inside and out, with no apparent smell.
3. Hard plastic lids and slip on lids must be removed.
4. Gum-on labels may remain.
five. The majority of the foil seal must be removed from the spout.
A small corporeality of foil remaining on the container rim is acceptable.
half-dozen. Half pint, pint, quart, i and ii-and-a-half-gallon containers volition
be accepted whole.
vii. Five-gallon containers will exist accepted whole if the lids and bails
are removed.
eight. Special arrangements must be fabricated for 30-gallon and 55-gallon
containers, by calling (509) 457-3850 prior to the drove.
Containers not coming together above specifications volition not be accepted.
WPCA container collection dates for June
| Date | Site | Sponsor/contact | Phone | |
| 6/4 8-noon | Simplot Moses Lake | Columbia Basin Crop Consultants Assoc. Jerry Ellis John Jensen | 509-765-5196 509-765-5663 | |
| half dozen/five 8-noon | Wilbur-Ellis Eltopia | Lower Columbia Basin F & D Assoc. Chris Berg | 509-946-5169 | |
| 6/half-dozen 8-noon | Othello Airport | Othello Air Applicators Steve George | 509-457-3850 | |
| 6/seven 8-noon | Wilbur-Ellis Quincy | Columbia Basin Veg./Seed Assoc. Ron Turner | 509-787-3556 | |
| 6/xx 8-noon | Wilbur-Ellis | Wilbur-Ellis/Wolfkill Al (Wilbur-Ellis) Rick Florine (W. Impale) | 509-932-4988 509-932-4769 | 509-678-5750 |
| 6/28 viii-noon | Bleyhl Farm Service Sunnyside | Bleyhl Farm Service Gary Herndon | 509-839-4200 | |
| " | " | Simplot Soil Builders John Cullen | 509-837-6261 | |
| " | " | Monsanto Ted Nullinger | 509-966-2363 |
Officially Unofficial
...Alan Schreiber
- Do not expect any successful endeavour this yr to reform the Delaney Clause; the subject is just besides sensitive for an election yr. Of the beginning 40 tolerances EPA reviewed, every bit required by Delaney, nine were slated for revocation and 31 were exempt from revocation for a diversity of reasons.
- Arizona is the only country in the western Us that has decided to require state registration of plants genetically modified to produce pesticides (such every bit Bt potatoes or cotton). Washington country has decided that it volition non require land registration of these plant pesticides. Most states have non reached a determination on the issue.
- EPA has formed a workgroup to examine changing the means Section 18s are handled. While the Department xviii (and Section 24c) procedures are largely considered a office of the regulatory procedure that works, EPA is trying to fine- melody the procedure to reduce regulatory brunt, expedite the process and allow additional flexibility in utilise of emergency exemptions. Amidst items to exist considered are a) delegation of authorization to the states to grant repeat Section 18s, b) allowance of exemptions for resistance management, c) allowance of exemptions for reduced risk or safer products, d) revision of the economic analysis as currently required and east) review of the requirements on some recently granted Section 18s that brand time to come exemptions dependent on development of specialized comparative product data. Efforts a, b, d and e are expected to occur; do not expect a significant alter in EPA policy on exemptions for reduced hazard products. The electric current workgroup is composed of EPA officials and representatives from the Washington state and North Carolina state departments of agriculture.
- Because primary requirements for Section eighteen requests are that a situation be nonroutine and that progress is being made toward registration, EPA takes a dim view toward requests that are repeated for more than than iv years. Information technology is interesting to note that the tape for the longest running Section 18 is held past the land of Oregon. EPA is currently attempting to decide whether to grant Oregon the employ of Ronilan for control of gray mold on snap beans for the 14th yr.
- Apropos the recent merger of Ciba and Sandoz, the president of Ciba Ag was named president of the ag sectionalization of the new company, Novartis. The president of Sandoz will head upward the animal health visitor. Novartis will control and then much of the agchem market, that the merger is being reviewed by the Federal Trade Commission.
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Federal Issues
Tolerances
The following tolerances were granted past EPA since the concluding report (Apr 1996). These information practise non hateful that a characterization has been registered for this employ. These pesticides must not be used until a label is registered with EPA or a country department of agriculture.
*Cardinal
| A=adjuvant | D=desiccant | D/H=desiccant, herbicide | |
| F=fungicide | FA=feed additive | G=growth regulator | H=herbicide |
| I-insecticide | N=nematicide | P=pheromone | Five=vertebrate repellent |
| Chemical* | Petitioner | Tolerance (ppm) | Commodity (raw) |
| (H) Glyphosate | Monsanto | 4.0 | kidney (cattle, goat, hog, horses, sheep) |
| 75.0 | alfalfa, provender | ||
| 200.0 | alfalfa, hay | ||
| 20.0 | soybeans; soybeans, grain | ||
| l.0 | soybeans, aspirated grain fractions | ||
| 100.0 | soybeans, fodder | ||
| 200.0 | soybeans, hay | ||
| 0.1 | sunflower seed | ||
| (H) Tribenuron methyl | DuPont | 0.10 | grass forage, fodder and hay group (except Bermudagrass); fodder and hay |
| (H) Sulfonium, trimethyl-common salt with Due north-(phosphonomethyl) glycine (1:i) (formerly glyphosate-trimesium/sulfosate) | Zeneca | 0.05 | stone fruit group |
| 0.i(a) | fat (cattle, goats, hogs, horses, sheep) | ||
| 1.0(a) | mbyp (cattle, goats) | ||
| 0.ii(a) | meat (cattle, goats, hogs, horses, sheep) | ||
| 0.31(a) | corn, fodder | ||
| 0.one(a) | corn, forage | ||
| 0.22(a) | corn, grain | ||
| 0.02(a) | eggs | ||
| 0.2(a) | milk | ||
| 0.05(a) | poultry fatty, liver, meat | ||
| 0.1(a) | poultry mbyp | ||
| 2.03(b) | soybean, fodder | ||
| 210.04(b) | soybean, aspirated grain fractions | ||
| five.05(b) | soybean, hay | ||
| iii.03(b) | soybean, seed | ||
| 0.two6 | prunes | ||
| 7.0five | soybean, hulls | ||
| (I) Avermectin B1 | Merck | 0.005 | almonds; walnuts |
| 0.02 | apples | ||
| 0.1 | almonds, hulls; apples, wet pomace |
(a) Fourth dimension limited tolerance expires March 9, 1998
(b) Time limited tolerance expires April 10, 1998
i= no more than 0.2 ppm is trimethylsulfonium
ii= no more than 0.1 ppm is trimethylsulfonium
iii= no more than 0.1 ppm is trimethylsulfonium
4= no more than 0.1 ppm is trimethylsulfonium
5= no more than 0.1 ppm is trimethylsulfonium
6= no more than 0.1 ppm is trimethylsulfonium
Emergency Exemptions (Section 18)
Specific exemptions have been granted for the post-obit uses:
- DowElanco for apply of clopyralid (Stinger) on canola/rapeseed for control of Canadian thistle and perennial sowthistle. The exemption expires July 31, 1996.
- Zeneca for use of pirimicarb (Pirimor 50-DF) on alfalfa seed for control of alfalfa aphid, pea aphid and lygus bug. The exemption expires September 31, 1996.
Reregistration Notifications
- chloroxuran (Tenoran), chloramben (Amiben), diethatyl-ethyl (Antor) - The USEPA has proposed revocation of tolerances for residues of iii herbicides (chloroxuron, chloramben and diethatyl-ethyl) in or on raw agricultural commodities (RACs). This proposed revocation will be delayed until iii/1/99, to let growers who may still have stocks of these pesticides on hand to use up their supplies and permit any treated raw bolt and products to move through market channels. The concluding registered uses of these pesticides were canceled in 1993, 1991 and 1988 for diethatyl-ethyl, chloramben and chloroxuron, respectively. If finalized, tolerances will proceed until iii/1/99 for products on these commodities: i) chloroxuron - carrots, celery, onions, soybeans and strawberries two) chloramben - beans, cantaloupes, corn, cucumbers, peanuts, pigeon peas, peppers, pumpkins, soybeans, squash, sunflowers, sweet potatoes, and tomatoes and 3) diethatyl-ethyl - beets (red), spinach and sugarbeets. Ship written comments, mentioning OPP-300396, to the Public Response Department of EPA past half-dozen/3/96. For information, contact: Mr. Owen F. Beeder, EPA, Registration Sectionalisation, Telephone: 703-308-8351, Fax: 703-308-8369,
Electronic mail: beeder.owen@epamail.epa.gov
Send written comments to: Public Response Department (7506C), EPA, Part of Pesticide Prog., 401 Chiliad Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460,
Due east-mail: opp-docket@epamail.epa.gov
- allidochlor (Randox), biphenyl (diphenyl), butylamine (Deccotane), calcium cyanide (Cyanogas), chlorfenac (Fenatrol), chlorosulfamic acid, chlorthiophos (Celathion) - The USEPA has proposed revocation of the tolerances for residues of two herbicides (allidochlor and chlorfenac), 3 fungicides (biphenyl, butylamine and chlorosulfamic acid), and 2 insecticides (calcium cyanide and chlorthiophos) immediately in or on all raw agricultural commodities. The registered uses of these pesticides were canceled on the following dates: allidochlor (1984), biphenyl (1992), butylamine (1989), calcium cyanide (1989), chlorfenac (1987), chlorosulfamic acid (none), and chlorthiophos (1984). The EPA is not recommending the institution of activity levels in place of these regulations. Send written comments, mentioning OPP-300396, to the Public Response Section of EPA by vi/three/96. For information contact: Mr. Owen F. Beeder, EPA, Registration Division, Telephone: 703-308-8351, Fax: 703-308-8369,
E-mail: beeder.owen@epamail.epa.gov
Ship written comments to: Public Response Section (7506C), EPA, Office of Pesticide Prog., 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460,
Electronic mail: opp-docket@epamail.epa.gov
- ethylene oxide, mancozeb, propargite, propylene oxide and simazine - The USEPA has revoked the food additive tolerances for five pesticides in 13 processed foods. This action is ane of a series of Delaney Clause-related actions required past a 1992 U.Due south. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals decision. The proposal for this action was reported by the Registration Notification Network on 7/14/94 and in the Federal Register on 7/1/94. This concluding dominion becomes effective on 5/21/96, unless appeals are filed. Tolerances being revoked: ethylene oxide on ground spices, mancozeb on oat bran, propargite on stale figs and dried tea, propylene oxide on cocoa, glace fruit, gums, processed nutmeats (except peanuts), dried prunes, processed spices, and starch, simazine on sugarcane molasses and potable (drinking) water.
Written comments, mentioning OPP-300335A, should be sent to the EPA hearing clerk past four/22/96, and to the Public Response Branch of EPA by 5/6/96. For additional data, contact: Ms. Niloufar Nazmi, EPA, Special Review Co-operative, Phone: 703-308-8028, Fax: 703-308-8041
E-mail service: nazmi.niloufar@epamail.epa.gov
Transport written comments to: Public Response Department (7506C), EPA, Office of Pesticide Programs, 401 Grand Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460,
Email: opp-docket@epamail.epa.gov
and Hearing Clerk, EPA, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460
- dicofol, mancozeb, propargite, simazine, triadimefon - The USEPA is proposing revocation of nine raw or fresh food tolerances for five pesticides. This activeness is some other in a series of Delaney related deportment resulting from a 1992 U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals conclusion. Studies bespeak that all the pesticides covered in this declaration cause cancer in laboratory animals. Therefore, EPA is required to revoke these tolerances that violate the Delaney Clause, no matter how pocket-size the gamble. In addition, the tolerance for alachlor on sunflower seed has been revoked because the registration for this use has been canceled voluntarily. It should be pointed out that revocations are being proposed for propargite and dicofol on apples, because wet apple pomace is now considered a significant animal feed. This places in jeopardy nine or 10 affected pesticide uses on apples, formerly thought to be safe after dried apple tree pomace was alleged insignificant. Proposed for revocation (with eventual deletion of the pesticide uses leading to these residues): dicofol on apples, grapes and plums; mancozeb on oats and wheat; propargite on apples and figs; simazine on sugarcane; and triadimefon on wheat. EPA besides proposes to retain 31 raw nutrient tolerances that were at one time listed every bit susceptible to revocation due to the Delaney Clause. Proposed for retention: acephate on cottonseed; benomyl on citrus and rice; captan on grapes and tomatoes; carbaryl on pineapples; dicofol on tomatoes; diflubenzuron on soybeans; dimethipin on cottonseed; ethylene oxide on whole spices (directly treatment); iprodione on peanuts and rice; lindane on tomatoes; mancozeb on barley, grapes and rye; maneb on grapes; methomyl on wheat; norflurazon on grapes; oxyfluorfen on cottonseed, peppermint, soybeans and spearmint; PCNB on tomatoes; permethrin on tomatoes; propargite on grapes and plums; thiodicarb on cottonseed and soybeans; and triadimefon on grapes and pineapples. This outlines EPA'due south plans for 41 of the original 81 raw agricultural tolerances affected by the California v. Browner settlement entered on February 9, 1995 concerning the Delaney Clause. EPA expects to event proposed decisions on the remaining 40 raw agricultural tolerances by April 1997. Comments regarding this proposed decision, mentioning OPP-300415, should exist sent to the Public Response Section of EPA by five/30/96. For data, contact: Ms. Niloufar Nazmi, EPA, Special Review Branch, Telephone: 703-308-8028, Fax: 703-308-8041, E-postal service: nazmi.niloufar@epamail.epa.gov
Send written comments to: Public Response Section (7506C), EPA, Role of Pesticide Programs, 401 K Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460,
Email: opp-docket@epamail.epa.gov
- cyanazine (Bladex) - The USEPA has issued a preliminary determination to terminate the Special Review of cyanazine, due to a voluntary phaseout and cancellation of all cyanazine products. The terms of this understanding phone call for an incremental phaseout on cyanazine that cannot be sold past the registrants after 12/31/99. Cyanazine products may be sold and distributed in channels of trade through September 30, 2002 and used through December 31, 2002. The phaseout of cyanazine begins in 1997 and allows a maximum of 1 lb ai/acre in 1999. Airtight cabs are required on application equipment from 1998 throughout the phaseout period. Cyanazine is registered currently as an herbicide on corn (field and sweet), cotton and sorghum. For additional information, contact: Mr. Joseph E. Bailey, EPA, Special Review Branch, Phone: 703-308-8173, Fax: 703-308-8041, E-mail: bailey.joseph@epamail.epa.gov
Existing Stocks
The USEPA has amended its 1991 notice on the utilize of existing stocks of canceled, amended or suspended products. In the hereafter, the USEPA will provide notice and an opportunity for comment when it intends to modify the existing stocks provision for a canceled pesticide for which the USEPA has a gamble concern. Post-obit a comment period, it will publish its final decision, findings and rationale when information technology modifies existing stocks provisions for chemicals of business concern. This new policy results from a arrange filed past the United Farmworkers of America on viii/15/95 challenging EPA'southward modification of the mevinphos cancellation order. As part of its settlement agreement, EPA agreed to amend its existing stocks policy to allow a greater degree of public involvement in its existing stocks dispositions.
Written comments, with reference to OPP-38512, should exist sent in triplicate to EPA'due south Programme Resources Department by 5/16/96. EPA has requested comments on the circumstances under which comment should be provided and whether 30 days is sufficient time for annotate. For more information, contact: Mr. Richard Dumas, EPA, Special Review Co-operative, Phone: 703-308-8015, Fax: 703-308-8041,
Electronic mail: dumas.richard@epamail.epa.gov
Send written comments to: Program Resource Sect. (7505C), EPA, Field Operations Division, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460,
E-mail: opp-docket@epamail.epa.gov
- iprodione (Rovral), metolachlor (Dual), permethrin (Pounce), phosmet (Imidan), thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M) - The USEPA has identified sure pesticide-ingather combinations that take raw agricultural food tolerances and need candy nutrient tolerances. This is the get-go almanac listing of newly identified pesticide uses related to the Delaney Clause. Such annual listing is required for 5 years, every bit outlined in a court-approved settlement agreed to by EPA on 2/9/95. The Delaney Clause prohibits the institution or maintenance of a tolerance on processed nutrient for a pesticide that is found to induce cancer. This listing does non bear on the regulatory status of any raw or processed food tolerance.
Pesticides newly identified equally needing food condiment tolerances: iprodione - dried prunes, metolachlor - processed irish potato waste matter, permethrin - wet apple pomace, phosmet - raisin waste, moisture and dry out pomace from grapes, and thiophanate-methyl - wet apple pomaceFor boosted data, contact: Ms. Jean M. Frane, EPA, Policy and Special Projects, Phone: 703-305-5944, Fax: 703-305-6244
frane.jean@epamail.epa.gov
- propargite (Omite, Comite) - The Uniroyal Chemical Company, sole manufacturer of propargite, has reached an agreement with the USEPA in which it will immediately abolish certain uses of the miticide. Those canceled uses are apples, beans (dark-green and lima), cranberries, figs, peaches, pears, plums and strawberries. Other uses of propargite are unaffected past this action. Auction and distribution of propargite for the canceled uses will cease immediately; Uniroyal will sticker all propargite products in its warehouses and in possession of its distributors and dealers, notifying purchasers of the label changes. The company will distribute new labels without the afflicted uses to growers. Also, Uniroyal will have back products and credit growers who no longer take use for propargite products. The USEPA plans to publish within the next few weeks in the Federal Register a discover requesting public comment. For boosted data, contact: Mr. John Martin, Uniroyal Chemical Co., Inc., Phone: 203-573-2400, Fax: 203-573-3394 or Ms. Jackie McQueen, EPA, Special Review Branch, Phone: 703-308-8164, Fax: 703-308-8041
- triphenyltin hydroxide (Du-Ter) - The USEPA has proposed revocation of tolerances for the residues of triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH) in or on carrots, peanuts and peanut hulls. The uses leading to the residues of this fungicide accept been canceled. TPTH use was canceled on peanuts in 1988 and on carrots in 1991. Written comments, with reference to OPP-300414, should be submitted in triplicate to the Public Response Department of EPA by 5/half dozen/96. For information, contact: Ms. Jude Andreasen, EPA, Special Review Branch, Phone: 703-308-8016, Fax: 703-308-8041,
E-mail: andreasen.jude@epamail.epa.gov
Ship written comments to: Public Response Section (7506C), EPA, Office of Pesticide Prog., 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460,
Due east-mail: opp-docket@epamail.epa.gov
The source for this information, the Reregistration Notification Network, is a cooperative attempt of USDA-NAPIAP, Interregional Project No. 4 (IR-four), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and the American Crop Protection Clan (ACPA).
For additional information on any reregistration notification, contact the individual(s) listed or contact:
Alan Schreiber
WSU Pesticide Coordinator
100 Sprout Road
Richland, WA 99352-1643
Telephone: 509-372-7378
Fax: 509-372-7460
aschreib@beta.tricity.wsu.edu
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State Issues
Special Local Needs (Department 24c)
Characterization restrictions for Special Local Needs in Washington: The following pesticide utilize has been granted label registration by the Washington Country Section of Agronomics nether the provision of Section 24(c) amended FIFRA.
- Ciba for use of Caparol 4L on carrot seed, parsley seed, parsnip seed and dill seed for control of weeds and grasses - WA960014.
- ISK for use of Bravo 720 on potato for control of tardily blight, early blight and Botrytis vine rot - WA960015.
- FMC for use of Control 4EC on cucumbers and summertime squash for command of broadleaf weeds - WA960016.
- Drexel for use of Dimethoate 2.67 on cottonwood copse for pulp for command of leaf beetle - WA960018.
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Contributors to the Agrichemical and Ecology News:
Alan Schreiber, Allan Felsot, Catherine Daniels, Marker Antone, Carol Weisskopf, Eric Bechtel
If yous would like to include a piece in a future issue of the Agrichemical and Environmental News or subscribe to the newsletter, delight contact Catherine Daniels.
Contributions, comments and subscription inquiries may be directed to: Catherine Daniels, Food and Ecology Quality Laboratory, Washington State University, Tri-Cities campus, 2710 Academy Drive, Richland, WA 99352-1671. Telephone: 509-372-7495. Fax: 509-372-7491. Email: cdaniels@tricity.wsu.edu
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